Un modelo de IA agéntica para la gestión integral del absentismo escolar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23824/ase.v0i44.1027Descargas
Resumen
El absentismo escolar continúa gestionándose de forma fragmentada y reactiva, lo que dificulta la prevención y reduce la equidad entre centros. Este trabajo presenta un modelo de inteligencia artificial agéntica orientado a integrar datos, automatizar tareas y mejorar la coordinación entre actores educativos mediante una arquitectura multiagente basada en el ciclo MAPE-K y con supervisión humana en puntos críticos. El modelo se desarrolla a partir de una revisión narrativa estructurada de literatura científica y normativa (2000–2025) y se articula en doce módulos funcionales que incorporan salvaguardas éticas, trazabilidad, estándares de interoperabilidad e integración por API. La propuesta se implementa en una arquitectura multinivel que comprende centro, zona y distrito, alineada con los protocolos educativos vigentes y con los requisitos del RGPD y del AI Act. El sistema automatiza la ingestión y el análisis de datos de asistencia, genera alertas tempranas, facilita la planificación personalizada y coordina intervenciones entre docentes, familias y servicios educativos, apoyado en puntos HITL, un marco de indicadores clave de desempeño y una hoja de ruta de implantación progresiva. Los resultados indican una elevada viabilidad técnica y organizativa, aunque condicionada por la calidad de los datos, los riesgos de sesgo y la necesidad de una gobernanza institucional sólida. El modelo refuerza la detección temprana y la toma de decisiones basadas en evidencia, siempre bajo supervisión humana para garantizar equidad, transparencia y responsabilidad pública.
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Inteligencia artificial agéntica, sistemas multiagente; absentismo escolar, gobernanza educativa, supervisión humana en el bucle (HITL), aprendizaje organizativo, cumplimiento ético y normativo, equidadLicencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Fernando Faci Lucia
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